Humanism

Humanism recognizes the influence of environmental factors on the mind but emphasizes the individual’s interpretation of these external factors. Rather than focusing on the impact of external variables, humanism prioritizes understanding how individuals perceive and make sense of social reality. It explores how people construct meaning from their experiences rather than simply responding to external stimuli.

Humanism is closely associated with the work of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. Maslow introduced the concept of a "hierarchy of needs," proposing that human thoughts and behaviors are shaped by the extent to which basic physiological and intellectual needs are fulfilled. Carl Rogers, often regarded as the founding father of psychological humanism, has had a significant influence on both humanistic psychology and effective social work practice.

One of Rogers' key contributions is the idea that anxiety arises from a "would/should dilemma." This concept refers to the tension experienced when an individual desires to do something but feels unable to achieve it. According to Rogers, this internal conflict generates stress and anxiety.

To address the would/should dilemma, Rogers advocates for a therapeutic approach characterized by congruence and genuine interest in the client. Empathy is a cornerstone of Rogers’ client-centered therapy, where the therapist’s role is to guide the individual toward their "inner beautiful self." The ultimate goal is to help the individual resolve the would/should dilemma, reducing anxiety and fostering personal growth.