Introduction to psychodynamic theory

Building on the foundational work of Sigmund Freud and later expanded by other theorists, psychodynamic theory provides a comprehensive framework for understanding human behavior and psychological development.

The theory emphasizes the influence of unconscious processes and early life experiences on an individual’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Key concepts addressed within this framework include (Mcleod, 2024):

• The impact of childhood experiences on personality development.
• The interplay of drives, desires, and defense mechanisms.
• The significance of interpersonal relationships in psychological growth.
• The combined roles of nature and nurture in shaping human behavior.

Understanding the core principles of psychodynamic theory is essential for social workers in effectively supporting their clients. This approach is grounded in several key theoretical assumptions:

• Behavior is influenced by the unconscious mind.
• The unconscious mind is in a continuous state of internal conflict.
• Adult behaviors, including mental health symptoms, stem from experiences during formative childhood years.
• Both internal factors and external influences, such as societal and environmental conditions, shape adult personality.

What is Psychodynamic Psychology? Beyond Freud and Psychotherapy