Introduction to drug consumption rooms (DCRs)

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to:

  • Understand the basic concept and significance of Drug Consumption Rooms (DCRs).
  • Identify and describe the primary goals and objectives of DCRs.
  • Recognise various types and m odels of DCRs.

Introduction to DCR

Drug consumption rooms (DCRs) also known as supervised injection facilities or safer injection sites, are designated spaces - fixed or mobile- where individuals can use illicit drugs under medical supervision, without fear of arrest or other negative legal consequences. The concept emerged in response to the health and social challenges associated with public drug use, including overdose deaths, HIV transmission, and other related public order problems.

The history of drug consumption rooms dates back to the late 20th century when such facilities were first established in European cities like Berne (1986), Zurich (1987) and Frankfurt (1994) to address the issue of opioid addiction.

In the late 1990s, Switzerland became the pioneer in formally adopting the concept of DCRs on a larger scale with the opening of the “Safe House” in Zurich. In that context, DCRs aimed to mitigate health problems and public order issues [^2]. By the 1980s, Zurich had experienced a surge in open drug scenes, particularly in the Platzspitz Park, nicknamed "Needle Park," where individuals openly congregated for drug use. This uncontrolled environment led to a public health crisis, marked by escalating rates of HIV/AIDS and drug overdose deaths. In response, the authorities implemented the "four pillars" strategy: harm reduction, prevention, treatment, and law enforcement, creating a safer, structured setting for drug consumption under medical supervision.

Currently, more than 140 such facilities operate globally in 18 countries, including Canada, Spain, Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, Norway, and Australia [^1] , [^3].

DCR-Europe
Graphic 1. Location and number of drug consumption facilities throughout Europe (source: https://www.euda.europa.eu/media-library/infographic-location-and-number-drug-consumption-room-facilities-throughout-europe_en
References:
  1. Correlation – European Harm Reduction Network, & European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). (2023). Drug consumption rooms. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.

  2. Hedrich, D. (2004). European report on drug consumption rooms. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.

  3. Harm Reduction International, (2024), Global State of Harm Reduction 2024, HRI, London.
Updated: 2024
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